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Viral Hepatitis

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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a public health challenge.
In Belgium, 18,000 people are infected with HCV and as many as 300 patients die each year as a result of their infection.1,2 In the Netherlands about 28.000 people are infected with this virus (0,2% of the total population).17
Data shows that in 2020 there were 11.0 (9.5-12.5) million viremic HCV infections worldwide, corresponding to a prevalence of 1.2% (1.0-1.3%).3
In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized HCV as a public health threat, and in parallel, set the goal of eliminating HCV by 2030.4
In order for Belgium to reach the WHO elimination targets, it has been calculated that approximately 1.200 people would need to be treated per year.2
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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C

What are the symptoms? How does hepatitis C spread? How do you know if you are infected?
All hepatitis C patients can be treated, almost all will be cured!

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Hepatite_B_GileadPro

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide.7
In 2015, an estimated 257 million people (3.5%) of the world's population were living with chronic HBV infection. Of these, 15 million or 1.6% lived in the European region.7-10
The main hepatic complications of chronic HBV infection are cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover data suggest that:10,11
- HBV is the leading cause of HCC worldwide.
- without adequate monitoring and treatment, up to 1 in 4 people with chronic HBV infection will die of HCC or liver failure.
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Hepatitis Delta

Hepatitis Delta infection is caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV) and is considered the most dangerous hepatitis virus. HDV is dependent on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and therefore occurs only in people infected with HBV. It can be transmitted through blood, or contact with other bodily fluids such as semen, vaginal fluid, or saliva from an infected person.13,14
The worldwide prevalence of HDV infection ranges from 4.5% to 13% in HBsAg+ patients, representing 12 to 60 million infected individuals.14
The estimated prevalence varies considerably between countries and analyses. Therefore, the true prevalence of HDV worldwide is unknown and likely underestimated.15,16
HDV causes the most severe form of disease among viral hepatitis, increasing the risk of hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma, the need for liver transplantation or death from hepatic causes when compared with HBV mono-infection.13
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References
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  1. HCV-coalitie B. België 2030 hepatitisvrij: Visiedocument. 2020, accessed July 2022 Available at: https://www.basl.be/news/belgium-hepatitis-free-in-2030/
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  2. Busschots D, et al. Ten years countdown to hepatitis C elimination in Belgium: a mathematical modeling approach. BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 22;22(1):397. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07378-3. PMID: 35459120;
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  3. Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators. Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 May;7(5):396-415. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00472-6. PMID: 35180382.
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  4. World Health Organization. Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016-2021. Towards ending viral hepatitis. June 2016. Accessed July 2022. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/246177
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  5. EASL. EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C: Final update of the series. Journal of hepatology. 2020;73:1170–1218.
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  6. Global hepatitis report 2024: action for access in low- and middle-income countries, WHO 2024
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  7. Hofstraat SHI, et al. Current prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection in the general population, blood donors and pregnant women in the EU/EEA: a systematic review. Epidemiol Infect. 2017 Oct;145(14):2873-2885. doi: 10.1017/S0950268817001947. PMID: 28891457
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  8. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Hepatitis B and C epidemiology in selected population groups in the EU/EEA. Stockholm: ECDC; 2018.
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  9. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011 Mar-Apr;61(2):69-90. doi:10.3322/caac.20107. PMID: 21296855.
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  10. Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepat. 2004 Mar;11(2):97-107. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2003.00487.x. PMID: 14996343.
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  11. Wedemeyer H, Manns MP. Epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of hepatitis D: update and challenges ahead. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Jan;7(1):31-40. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2009.205. PMID: 20051970.
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  12. Miao Z, et al. Estimating the Global Prevalence, Disease Progression, and Clinical Outcome of Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection. J Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 27;221(10):1677-1687. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz633. PMID: 31778167;
    13.  13.
  13. Stockdale AJ, et al. The global prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2020 Sep;73(3):523-532. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.008. PMID: 32335166
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  14. Wedemeyer H, Negro F. Devil hepatitis D: an orphan disease or largely underdiagnosed? Gut. 2019 Mar;68(3):381-382. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317403. PMID: 30368454.
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  15. https://www.rivm.nl/hepatitis-c
    16.

BE-UNB-1934 | June 2026